IREON Insights: Research and development tax credit: Very important deadline for amendments is July 6 - by Richard Levychin

If you are a company that either claimed or qualify for the research and development tax credit you need to be aware of the following update resulting from the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA).

For businesses with under $31 million in revenue, an important amendment window to claim Federal R&D tax credits closes on July 6, 2026. For companies that may have qualified but didn’t claim the credit, waiting beyond this date could mean permanently forfeiting valuable credit and cash refund opportunities.

Many businesses assume the R&D credit only applies to traditional labs or scientific research, but in reality it applies to so many more companies involved in things like software development, manufacturing, engineering, product design, construction, agriculture, and other technical problem-solving activities.

The July 6, 2026, amendment window is a one-time opportunity for small businesses to retroactively claim immediate deductions for all three tax years: 2022, 2023, and 2024. This retroactive relief was established by the OBBBA to reverse the previous requirement to amortize domestic research and development (R&D) expenses over five years.

Key Details of the Retroactive Opportunity

Applicable Tax Years: Eligible small businesses can amend their returns for 2022, 2023, and 2024 to immediately expense domestic R&D costs rather than amortizing them.

The “Catch-Up” Provision: Eligible businesses can reverse the mandatory 5-year amortization requirement that was previously in place for tax years 2022–2024. By amending these returns, companies can instead fully expense 100% of their domestic R&D costs in the year they were incurred, often resulting in significant cash refunds.

Consistency Requirement: If a business chooses this retroactive election, it must apply it consistently across all three years. You cannot “cherry-pick” individual years for this specific relief.

Eligibility: This is generally available to “qualified small businesses,” defined as those with average annual gross receipts of $31 million or less over the 2022–2024 period.

The July 6, 2026 Deadline: This is the final hard deadline to make the retroactive election and file the necessary amended returns for 2022 and 2023. While the July 2026 date is the overall cap, your ability to claim a refund for 2022 may expire sooner due to the standard three-year statute of limitations. For example, if a 2022 return was filed on March 15, 2023, the window to amend for a refund closed as early as March 15, 2026. 

What This Means for Your Business

Cash Flow Recovery: Many businesses skipped claiming the R&D credit during 2022–2024 because the “amortization barrier” created surprise tax bills. Amending now allows you to recover those missed refunds.

Section 280C Election: Through this special window, small businesses can also make or update their Section 280C election for those prior years, which can increase the credit value by up to 20% — an option normally not allowed on amended returns.

Alternative for Larger Businesses: Companies exceeding the $31 million threshold cannot use this retroactive amendment window but may instead accelerate their remaining unamortized costs into their 2025 or 2026 returns.

The information presented here should not be construed as legal, tax, accounting, or valuation advice. Always seek professional advice before acting, and carefully assess your specific situation first.

Richard Levychin, CPA, CGMA, is a partner at Galleros Robinson CPAs, Manhattan, N.Y., and is a member of ireon.